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Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is an in-situ test, used to determine the relative density and angle of shearing resistance of cohesionless soils. This test is also used to determine Unconfined Compressive Strength (qu) of cohesive soils. The test employs a split-spoon sampler which consists of a driving shoe, a split-barrel of circular cross-section which is…
Triaxial test is used for determination of shear characteristics of all types of soil under different drainage conditions. In this test, a cylindrical specimen usually of length to diameter ratio of 2 (i.e. 76×38 mm and 50×100 mm) is stressed under conditions of axial symmetry. This test is carried out in two stages : 1st…
Index properties of soil are indicative of the engineering properties which are not of primary interest to the geotechnical engineer. From practical point of view, index properties of soil is a first come first serve property which needs to be find out to estimate the behaviour of soil i.e. before conducting major tests like compaction,…
An earthquake is defined as the sudden shaking of the earth surface caused by a source of disturbance inside the earth. Earthquakes occur due to sudden mass shifting in bedrock occuring along faults by the forces within earth. Such earthquales are called tectonic earthquakes. Earthquakes cause one of the most destructive natural disasters leading to…
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Site investigation is a process of obtaining the information about subsurface conditions at a site where construction is proposed. It is generally done for big engineering projects. Information gathered from this investigation about subsurface is essential for design of structures and for planning construction techniques. Site Investigation basically consists of obtaining profile of natural soil,…
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Foundation is a structure constructed to transmit load of superstructure to the underlying soil. The word “foundation” is derived from the latin word fundare, meaning to set or ground on something solid. A foundation is a structure used to distribute loads of superstructure on large area. The foundation should be designed such that : 1….
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