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There are four different ways to produce bitumen from crude oil. Bitumen production processes vary depending on feed conditions and product specifications. Distillation (Straight Run), Air Blowing , Blending , and Solvent De-asphalting are bitumen production methods. In this article, we are going to introduce bitumen production methods to…
Pavement is the medium for transport to travel from one location to another. Pavement provides the smooth surface and act as a navigation for vehicles. Pavements are of two types (i) Flexible Pavement and (ii) Rigid Pavement. Flexible pavements consists of mixture of asphaltic or bituminous material and aggregate placed on a good quality and compacted…
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What is Gradient of road? The slope of the road pavement in the longitudinal direction is called gradient or grade. It may be expressed either as a ratio of rise or fall in a specified horizontal distance. When a road ascends 1 meter in every 20 horizontal distance it is called 1 in 20 upgrade…
Bituminous materials are the mixture of hydrocarbon of natural or hydrogenous origin or a combination of both found in gaseous, liquid, semi-solid or solid form and completely soluble in carbon disulphide. Bituminous materials may classified as : Bitumen :Bitumen is a hydrocarbon of either natural or artificial obtained during fractional distillation of petroleum. 1. Forms…
